作为施工的依据，在施工过程中进行的一系列测量工作，衔接和指导各工序的施工，它贯穿于整个钢结构施工过程，是钢结构施工的关键技术工作之一。通过高精度的测量和校正使得钢构件安装到设计位置上，满足绝对精度的要求，因此测量控制是保证钢结构安装质量以及工程进度的关键工序。
As the basis for construction, a series of measurement work in the construction process, the construction of cohesion and guidance of each process, it runs through the whole construction process of steel structure, is one of the key technologies of steel structure construction. Through the high-precision measurement and correction, the steel members are installed to the design position to meet the absolute accuracy requirements. Therefore, the measurement control is the key process to ensure the quality of the steel structure installation and the progress of the project.
1安装测量控制的总则
1 General rules for installation measurement control
序号
Serial number
测量控制总则
General survey control
1
One
负责工程施工所需的全部施工测量放线工作及钢结构安装过程中的测量控制工作，并配合监理工程师测量检验的辅助工作和一切方便条件。
Be responsible for all construction surveying, drawing work and installation control during the installation of the steel structure, and assist the supervising engineer to measure the auxiliary work and all the convenient conditions.
2
Two
工程开始前，由总包提供现存基准点和测量点的标高和坐标，如果认为总包提供的资料有问题，则要在业主提供资料后的5日内书面向监理工程师反映。
Before the start of the project, the general contractor shall provide the existing reference points and the elevation and coordinates of the survey points. If there is any doubt about the data provided by the general contractor, the document shall be sent to the Engineer in writing within 5 days after the owner's information is provided.
3
Three
接受总包提供的测量基准点后，应校测其基准点（线）的测量精度，并复核基准点资料和数据的准确性，向监理工程师书面反映。
After receiving the measurement points provided by the general contractor, the measurement accuracy of the reference points (lines) shall be measured and the accuracy of the reference data and data shall be checked and reflected in written form to the supervising engineer.
4
Four
以总包提供的测量基准点（线）为基准，按国家测绘标准和本工程施工精度要求，设定用于工程的控制网，并应在收到开工通知后7日内，将施工控制网资料报送监理工程师审批。
In order to provide the general measurement reference point (line) for reference, according to the national standards of Surveying and mapping and the engineering construction precision, set for engineering control network, and should be within 7 days after receiving the notice to commence, the construction control network of information submitted to the Engineer for approval.
5
Five
施工基线、定位点、控制点和施工基准点的标桩，经测量后都要进行检查，测量及定位点的精确度要符合相关规程规定。
The construction of the baseline, positioning points and control points and construction of benchmark stakes, after measuring to check, measurement and positioning accuracy to comply with the relevant regulations.
6
Six
负责保护好测量基准点、基准线和水准点及自行增设的控制网点，并提供通向网点的道路和防护栏杆。测量网点的缺失和损坏，应负责修复。
Responsible for the protection of measuring reference points, reference lines and level points and additional control points, and provide access to the network of roads and protective railings. The loss and damage of the measuring points shall be repaired.
7
Seven
钢结构安装后，当在确定的每天的同一时间测量钢结构的节点变形数据作为控制数据的依据，必要时应作适当修正。
When the steel structure is installed, it is necessary to correct the deformation data of the steel structure at the same time every day at the same time as the basis of the control data.
2测量主要内容及重点
2 main contents and key points of measurement
类型
type
内          容
Content
测量主要内容
Main content of measurement
1.总包控制网复核和钢结构施工控制网的建立；
1., turnkey control network review and construction of steel structure control network;
2.预埋件定位、平整度及标高复测；
2. embedded parts positioning, flatness and elevation measurement;
3.构件吊装的测量监控；
Measurement and monitoring of 3. component hoisting;
4.施工过程中结构的位移监控；
4. monitoring the displacement of the structure during the construction process;
重点
A key
钢结构吊装单元的吊装定位决定了整个结构的安装精度和施工质量。因此，如何进行吊装定位也是本工程施工测量工作的重点。
The hoisting and positioning of steel structure hoisting unit determines the installation precision and construction quality of the whole structure. Therefore, how to carry on the hoisting localization is also the key point of the construction survey work.
难点
difficulty
1.本工程中采用大量弯扭构件，吊装单元地面拼装及吊装精度控制要求高；
1., a large number of bending and torsion components are adopted in the project, and the erection and erection of the hoisting unit are of high requirement;
2.施工场地上工种多，交叉作业频繁、受干扰多；
2., there are many types of work on the construction site, frequent cross operation, and more interference;
3测量控制准备工作
3 control, control, preparation
测量准备工作是保证施工测量全过程顺利进行的重要环节，所以必须充分做好测量前各项准备工作。
Measurement preparation is an important link to ensure the smooth progress of construction surveying, so it is necessary to do all the preparatory work before the measurement.
3.1  测量器具的准备
3.1 preparation of measuring instruments
测量的精度直接影响到施工安装质量，而测量器具的精度质量问题又直接影响着测量结果的好坏。为了保证测量质量，特准备了以下科学精密的测量仪器：
The accuracy of measurement has a direct bearing on the quality of construction and installation, and the accuracy and quality of measuring instruments have a direct impact on the quality of the measurement results. In order to ensure the quality of measurement, we have prepared the following scientific and precise measuring instruments:
序 号
Serial number
名 称
Name
数 量
Number
备  注
Remarks
1
One
全站仪
Total station
10台
10 Taiwan
用于I、II级工程平面控制网的测设；构件的拼装及安装定位；结构变形检测
For I, II level engineering plane control network design, component assembly and installation positioning, structural deformation detection
2
Two
经纬仪
Theodolite
6台
6 Taiwan
用于轴线测设、现场拼装胎架放线测设等
The utility model is used for axis measuring, site assembling, tyre laying, wire laying, measuring and setting, etc.
3
Three
水准仪
Level
10台
10 Taiwan
用于高程控制网的测设及桁架标高的复测等
It is used for the setting up of elevation control network and the measurement of truss elevation
4
Four
反射棱镜
Reflecting prism
4组
The 4 group
用于全站仪测距
Used for total station distance measurement
5
Five
塔尺
Foot tower
10件
10
结合水准仪测设高程
Combine level to measure elevation
6
Six
对讲机
Walkie-talkie
10部
10
测量人员工作联系
Surveyors work contact
所有测量器具在作业前必须经技术监督部门进行检定，保证这些仪器的实际测量精度合格有效，并报监理工程师验证。
All measuring instruments must be inspected by the technical supervision department before operation, to ensure that the actual measurement accuracy of these instruments is qualified and effective, and to report to the supervision engineer for verification.
3.2  测量人员的配备
3.2 staffing of surveying personnel
职称
Title
人数
The number of
职责
Duty
测量工程师
Measurement Engineer
1
One
主管工程首级平面控制网的设测、结构整体定位控制和把握、测量资料的管理。
In charge of engineering design for primary level control network measurement, structure control and grasp the overall positioning, measurement data management.
专职测量员
Full-time surveyor
12
Twelve
主要负责施工全过程的测量技术工作，保障工程顺利有序施工。
Mainly responsible for the construction of the entire process of measurement technology, to ensure the smooth and orderly construction of the project.
3.3  测量时机的选择
3.3 timing of measurement
序号
Serial number
选择原则
Selection principle
1
One
设计所提供的每个施工节段的相应标高，一般是基于某种标准气温下的设计值，而大型结构往往跨季节、跨昼夜施工。温度变化，特别是日照温差的变化对于结构变形的影响是复杂的，将温差变化所引起的结构变形从实测变形值中分离出来相当困难。因此，应尽量选择温度变化小的时机进行测量，力求将温度、日照对施工控制的影响降低到最小限度。对一些大型结构温度影响的测试表明，在气候条件最不利的夏季，凌晨日出之前及太阳落山后的气温较均匀，且最接近季节平均气温，是测量的较好时机。目前，温度对大型结构控制的影响很难精确地描述。
The corresponding elevation of each construction section provided by the design is generally based on the design value of a certain standard temperature, while the large structure is often constructed over the seasons and over the night. The influence of temperature variation, especially the change of sunshine temperature difference, is complicated. It is difficult to separate the structural deformation caused by temperature difference from the measured deformation value. Therefore, we should try to choose the time when the temperature change is small, and try to minimize the influence of temperature and sunshine on construction control. According to some large structure temperature impact test, in the most unfavorable weather conditions in summer, the morning before sunrise and after sunset the temperature is uniform, and the most close to the seasonal average temperature, is a good opportunity to measure. At present, the influence of temperature on large-scale structural control is difficult to describe accurately.
2
Two
在大型结构的施工控制中，温度影响可以分为两种：一种是昼夜温差的影响，另一种是季节温差的影响。无论是昼夜温差还是季节温差对桁架标高控制均有较大影响。
In the construction control of large structures, the influence of temperature can be divided into two kinds: one is the influence of temperature difference between day and night, and the other is the influence of seasonal temperature difference. Whether it is diurnal temperature difference or seasonal temperature difference, it has great influence on the elevation control of truss.
3
Three
昼夜温差的影响一般在标高控制中多采用回避的做法，即对标高起控制作用的施工工序，均要求在温度较均匀的凌晨日出前进行。但遇连续高温的天气
The influence of temperature difference between day and night is usually in the elevation control, and the avoidance method is adopted, that is, the construction process with high control function should be carried out before the sunrise in the morning with more uniform temperature. But in the event of continuous hot weather